Inyubako yose igizwe nibice bitandukanye, kandi imikorere yingenzi ya buri kintu nayo iratandukanye cyane.Ibice byibyuma ubu nibice byingenzi byubaka inyubako, kandi ibyuma bikoreshwa mubice bitandukanye bikina imirimo itandukanye.
Kandiumushinga wo kubaka ibyumayakirwa nibihugu binini bikora.Igishushanyo mbonera kinini cyamahugurwa yimiterere yicyuma, agace gato kambukiranya ibice byubatswe mubyuma, gushiraho no gutwara biroroshye, igihe cyo kubaka ni kigufi ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwo kubaka, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha amafaranga kiratera imbere cyane .hanyuma ukoreshe umuvuduko.
Kubaka inyubako y'uruganda rukora ibyuma bigizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi, inkingi zibyuma, ibiti byibyuma, ibisenge byicyuma, ibisenge byibyuma, nurukuta.Harimo kandi ibindi bice hamwe nibice bigize ibyuma.Ni izihe ngaruka zikunze gukoreshwa mubice bikuru byamahugurwa yibyuma bigira kumiterere rusange?
Ukuri kwainyubako y'urugandaIbikoresho byo gukora nibisabwa kugirango harebwe ubwiza rusange bwinyubako yinganda zubaka.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gutahura neza kugororoka no kugoreka kwicyuma cya kare, intera iri hagati yumwobo uhuza inkingi nigiti kumurongo wanyuma, hamwe no gutunganya umwobo uhuza ubwayo.Ukuri, kugororoka kw'ibiti byo hejuru no gutunganya neza neza ibyapa bihuza amasahani, icyerekezo cyerekana inkoni za karuvati ku biti no ku nkingi cyangwa gushyigikira amasahani ahuza ugereranije n’ibiti hamwe n’inkingi ubwazo, icyerekezo cyerekana ibyapa bya purlin, n'ibindi.
Kugeza ubu, inkingi yo hagati yimyubakire yicyuma ikozwe mubyuma bya H byaguzwe cyangwa guteranya amasahani.Niba itunganijwe nicyuma cya H-cyuma, ibyuma byerekana neza inkingi biroroshye kugenzura;niba ikusanyirijwe mubikoresho by'isahani, witondere nyuma yo guterana no gusudira.Gushiraho ibyuma byinkingi kugirango umenye neza inkingi kandi wirinde kugoreka.
Ibyinshi mu biti byo hejuru yinzu ni inyubako ya herringbone, ikunze gukusanyirizwa hamwe kuva 2 cyangwa 4.Ibiti byo hejuru yinzu byakusanyirijwe hamwe nuwabikoze afite amasahani, kandi urubuga rwibiti muri rusange ni quadrilateral idasanzwe.Abahinguzi bafite ubuhanga bukomeye bwa tekiniki barashobora gusobanukirwa neza no kuzamura urubuga, mugihe ababikora bafite ubumenyi buke bwa tekinike ntabwo bazi neza kurubuga.Ariko, hariho amakosa murwego rwo hejuru.Kuberako imiterere yerekana igiti cyo hejuru yinzu ifitanye isano nuburemere bwihuza hagati yigitereko ninkingi, ibisobanuro byurubuga bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibiti, bityo rero ni ngombwa cyane.
Mu nyubako zubaka uruganda rwubatswe, ibyingenzi bikunze kugaragara harimo inkingi zibyuma nibiti byibyuma, nigice kinini cyinkunga no kwikorera imitwaro, kandi nibintu byingenzi bigize imiterere.Imiterere yambukiranya ibice byibyuma bigabanijwemo urubuga rukomeye hamwe ninkingi ya lattice.Urubuga rukomeye rufite igice rusange, gikunze gukoreshwa ni igice cya I-igice na H-igice;igice cyinkingi ya lattice kigabanyijemo ibice bibiri cyangwa ingingo nyinshi, kandi ingingo zahujwe nimirongo cyangwa imbaho.Iyo umutwaro ari munini hamwe ninkingi Iyo umubiri wagutse, ingano yicyuma ikoreshwa iba mike.
Ibiti by'ibyuma, ibiti bimeze nk'ibyuma, hamwe n'ibiti byinshi.Ibiti by'ibyuma birashobora gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya crane hamwe nibikorwa byo gukoreramo mumahugurwa, ibiti byo hasi mumazu yamagorofa menshi, purline mu nyubako, n'ibindi.Gutunganya ibiti bikozwe mubyuma biroroshye kandi ikiguzi ni gito, ariko ubunini bwambukiranya ibice byibyuma bigereranywa nibisobanuro bimwe.Iyo umutwaro na span ari binini kandi igice cyicyuma ntigishobora kubahiriza imbaraga, gukomera cyangwa ibisabwa bihamye, urumuri rukoreshwa.
Ibiti bigizwe nibisudwa cyangwa bizungurutswe nibyuma cyangwa ibyuma.Kuberako kuzunguruka ari imbaraga nyinshi kandi bisaba ibikoresho, gusudira nuburyo bukuru.Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gusudira ibiti ni H-byambukiranya ibice hamwe nagasanduku kameze nkibice bigizwe nibice byo hejuru na hepfo ya flange hamwe nurubuga.Iyanyuma irazimvye kandi ifite uburyo bukomeye bwo gukora, ariko ifite uburyo bukomeye bwo kugonda no gukomera kwa torsional, kandi irakwiriye mubihe aho imizigo yinyuma hamwe nibisabwa bya torsional biri hejuru cyangwa uburebure bwibiti bigarukira.
Ibice nyamukuru bigizeibyuma byubakairashobora gushirwaho muguhitamo ibikoresho bitandukanye.Ibikoresho bitandukanye nabyo bifite itandukaniro mubikorwa byimiterere nubuziranenge.Ubwoko butandukanye bw'amahugurwa arashobora kandi kubakwa, nk'amahugurwa y'amagorofa menshi yubatswe, amahugurwa yubakishijwe ibyuma byoroheje, Ku nyubako y'uruganda rukora amatafari n'amatafari y'ubundi bwoko bw'inyubako, gusa ugenzuye ubuziranenge bwibigize bifitanye isano hashobora kuba ubwiza bwo kwishyiriraho muri rusange imiterere inoze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2023